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Umar Muhayshi

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Umar Muhayshi
Personal details
Bornc. 1941
Misrata, Italian Libya
Diedc. January, 1984
Abu Salim prison[1]
Cause of deathBlunt trauma
PartyLibyan Revolutionary Command Council
Benghazi Military University Academy

Umar Abdullah el-Muhayshi (Adyghe: Умар-Абдилахь, romanized: Wumar-Abdilah; 1941 – January, 1984), also transliterated as Omar al-Meheshi, was a Libyan army officer and a member of the Libyan Revolutionary Command Council (RCC) that ruled Libya after the 1969 Libyan coup d'état.

Life

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Born to a family of Circassian origin,[2] Umar Muhayshi was said to be a childhood friend of Muammar Gaddafi and later a member of the group of army officers called the Free Officers Movement that brought ousted the royal regime in Libya on 1 September 1969.[3][4] He was one of the twelve members of the RCC, headed by Muammar Gaddafi. He was promoted to the rank of Major after the revolution.[5] He was Minister of Treasury in 1970.[6] He was later appointed Minister of Planning and took issue with Gaddafi's use of Libyan resources to further pan-Arab and anti-colonialist causes.[7][8] Instead, he wanted Libya to invest its oil revenues in agriculture and industry, particularly heavy industries, such as iron and steel, in his hometown Misrata.[9]

In August 1975, fellow RCC members Bashir Saghir Hawadi and Awad Hamza sided with Muhayshi in his dispute with Gaddafi. Gaddafi accused them of plotting a coup. Hawadi and Hamza were arrested; Muhayshi and Abdul Moniem al-Taher el-Huny fled Libya.[10][11][12][13] By that time Muhayshi had already fled to Tunis.[8] Most of the other supposed conspirators were executed in March 1976.[4] In an interview with Al-Ahram, Muhayshi denied attempting a coup and stated that he had merely tried to "correct Gaddafi's error" and had asked Gaddafi to resign. In the same interview, Muhayshi referred to Gaddafi as a "dangerous psychopath."[9]

According to declassified diplomatic telegram sent from the US Embassy in Egypt to the State Department, Egyptian President Anwar Sadat was using Muhayshi's radio broadcast to discredit Gaddafi and most of Gaddafi's RCC (with the exception of Abdessalam Jalloud) had turned against him by 1976. In light of this development, Sadat's government considered several options: forming a Libyan government-in-exile headed by Muhayshi, using Saudi money to fund anti-Gaddafi dissidents inside Libya, or creating a Muhayshi-led government on Libyan territory (near the Egypt–Libya border), where Muhayshi could then appeal for an Egyptian "intervention" to remove Gaddafi by force either through arrest or assassination.[14]

Gaddafi allegedly offered ex-CIA officers Edwin P. Wilson and Frank Terpil $1 million in 1976 to recruit a group of Cuban exiles involved in Bay of Pigs Invasion to assassinate Muhayshi.[15][16][17] The Cuban exiles initially thought the target of the assassination would be Carlos the Jackal, then living in Libya under Gaddafi's protection, and they refused to partake in the plot when the target turned out to be Muhayshi.[18] Wilson was sentenced to 32 years in prison over his ties to Gaddafi, but was acquitted in 1983 on the counts of murder conspiracy and conspiracy to solicit murder in the Muhayshi case.[7][19] Terpil never stood trial as he remained a fugitive for the rest of his life.[20]

In 1983, while Muhayshi was in Morocco, then ruled by King Hassan II, the Moroccan authorities delivered Muhayshi to Gaddafi in exchange for Gaddafi promising to cut off financial aid to the Polisario Front.[4] Muhayshi was murdered in January 1984 under torture by Sa'eed Rashid, according to Abdel Rahman Shalgham.[21] According to another account, he was allegedly stomped to death on the airport runway as soon as he landed in Tripoli.[4][9]

See also

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References

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  1. ↑ "ليبيا المستقبل .. Libya Almostakbal". Archive.Libya-al-Mostakbal.org. 12 October 2009. Archived from the original on 2020-01-07. Retrieved 2021-10-18.
  2. ↑ Bidwell (2012-10-12). Dictionary Of Modern Arab History. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-136-16298-5.
  3. ↑ "Backgrounder: Basic facts about war-torn Libya". Xinhua News. 2011-03-20. Archived from the original on March 24, 2011. Retrieved 2011-03-31.
  4. 1 2 3 4 Anderson, Jack (13 November 1985). "Fighter Against Qaddafi Betrayed" (PDF). The Washington Post.
  5. ↑ الكبتي, سالم (2025-09-03). "خمسونية المحيشي". alwasat.ly (in Arabic). Retrieved 2026-07-05.
  6. ↑ "LIBYE: Remaniements ministériels et nouveaux gouvernements" (PDF). AAN - Annuaire de l'Afrique du Nord. 26 July 2020. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2020-07-26.
  7. 1 2 Smith, Philip (1983-03-05). "Jury Acquits Wilson of Plot To Kill Libyan". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Archived from the original on 2017-08-28. Retrieved 2023-02-01.
  8. 1 2 Vandewalle, Dirk (2011-03-25). "Libya Since 1969". The History Reader. Retrieved 2023-02-01.
  9. 1 2 3 Research Directorate, Immigration and Refugee Board, Canada (1 December 1998). Libya: The role of Omar al-Meheshi in Colonel Qaddafi's revolution; his activities in the 1975 coup attempt and in developing opposition movements in Morocco and Egypt (1969 - present) (Report). Canada: Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada. Archived from the original on 6 October 2017. Retrieved 2023-02-02 – via Refworld.{{cite report}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  10. ↑ "Refworld | Libya: The role of Omar al-Meheshi in Colonel Qaddafi's revolution; his activities in the 1975 coup attempt and in developing opposition movements in Morocco and Egypt (1969 - present)". Refworld. United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. 1998-12-01. Archived from the original on 6 October 2017. Retrieved 4 July 2026.
  11. ↑ John, Ronald Bruce St (2014-06-04). Historical Dictionary of Libya. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-0-8108-7876-1.
  12. ↑ Vandewalle, Dirk (2011-03-25). "Libya Since 1969". The History Reader. Retrieved 2023-02-11.
  13. ↑ "Foreign Relations of the United States, 1969–1976, Volume E–9, Part 1, Documents on North Africa, 1973–1976 - Office of the Historian". history.state.gov. Retrieved 2023-02-12.
  14. ↑ "Foreign Relations of the United States, 1969–1976, Volume E–9, Part 1, Documents on North Africa, 1973–1976 - Office of the Historian". history.state.gov. 14 August 1976. Retrieved 2023-02-01.
  15. ↑ Smith, Philip (1983-03-04). "Lawyer Told There Was No Wilson Murder Plot, He Said". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Archived from the original on 2017-08-28. Retrieved 2023-02-01.
  16. ↑ Gilmore, Daniel F. (3 March 1983). "After less than a day and a half, the... - UPI Archives". UPI. Retrieved 2023-02-01.
  17. ↑ Tyler, Patrick E.; Kamen, Al (1981-09-10). "Relationship With CIA Aide Gave Credibility to Arms Seller". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Archived from the original on 2020-12-22. Retrieved 2023-02-01.
  18. ↑ Kamen, Al (September 12, 1981). "Justice Dept. Sent Bribery Allegations". The Washington Post. Retrieved 2026-07-04.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  19. ↑ Woodward, Bob (1984-04-29). "Qaddafi's Authority Said to Be Weakening". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Archived from the original on 2017-08-28. Retrieved 2023-02-01.
  20. ↑ Allen, Ian (2016-03-07). "Frank Terpil, CIA operative who defected to Cuba, dies". intelNews.org. Retrieved 2026-07-04.
  21. ↑ Charbel, Ghassan (16 July 2011). "شلقم لـ«الحياة»: القذافي اشترى المحيشي من المغرب وذبحه ... قالوا إن الصدر اصطدم بمعمر فقتله أحد الضباط (1)". Dar Al Hayat (in Arabic). Archived from the original on 2011-08-18. Retrieved 2026-07-01.
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