Sarkin Ƙarshe na Scotland (fim)
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Sarkin Ƙarshe na Scotland fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na tarihi na 2006 wanda Kevin Macdonald ya jagoranta daga rubutun Peter Morgan da Jeremy Brock . Bisa ga littafin Giles Foden na 1998, makircinsa ya nuna mulkin kama-karya na Shugaba Idi Amin na Uganda ta hanyar hangen nesa na Nicholas Garrigan, likitan Scotland na almara. Tauraron fim din Forest Whitaker, James McAvoy, Kerry Washington, Simon McBurney, da Gillian Anderson. Taken fim din yana nufin ikirarin Amin na kasancewa Sarkin Scotland.
Sarkin Ƙarshe na Scotland ya fara fitowa a duniya a Bikin Fim na Telluride a ranar 1 ga Satumba 2006, kuma an sake shi a Ingila a ranar 12 ga Janairun 2007, kuma a Jamus a ranar 15 ga Maris 2007, ta Fox Searchlight Pictures. Fim din ya sami bita mai kyau kuma ya tara dala miliyan 48.4 a kan kasafin kuɗi na dala miliyan 6. Don aikinsa a matsayin Idi Amin, Whitaker ya lashe lambar yabo ta Kwalejin don Mafi kyawun Actor, a tsakanin sauran kyaututtuka.
Makirci
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A shekara ta 1970, Nicholas Garrigan ya kammala karatu daga Jami'ar Edinburgh Medical School. Tare da rashin bege a gida, ya yanke shawarar neman kasada a kasashen waje ta hanyar aiki a asibitin mishan a Uganda wanda David Merrit da matarsa, Sarah ke gudanarwa. Bayan Garrigan ya isa Uganda, Janar Idi Amin ya hambarar da Shugaba Milton Obote a juyin mulki. Amin ya ba da jawabi mai kyau, amma Saratu ba ta da kyakkyawan ra'ayi. An kira Garrigan zuwa hadarin mota da ya shafi Amin kuma ya kula da hannun Amin. A lokacin abin da ya faru, Garrigan ya ɗauki bindiga ya harbe wata saniya da ta ji rauni sosai lokacin da babu wani da ke son yin euthanasia. Da farko yana adawa da Garrigan, Amin ya wartsake shi bayan ya gano cewa shi ɗan Scotland ne saboda Xenophilia ga Scots. Da yake farin ciki da shirin Garrigan, Amin ya musayar tufafi tare da shi kuma daga baya ya gayyaci Garrigan ya zama likitansa kuma ya jagoranci kokarin sabunta Tsarin kiwon lafiya na Uganda.
Yayinda yake aiki ga Amin, Garrigan ya zama amintaccen amintacce kuma an ba shi ayyuka da yawa, gami da al'amuran jihar. Duk da rashin jin daɗi game da ayyukan zalunci na gwamnati, Garrigan ya yarda da bayanin Amin cewa rushewa da adawar siyasa zai kawo zaman lafiya mai dorewa ga Uganda. Garrigan daga ƙarshe ya fahimci cewa Amin ya kori ƙarami daga cikin matansa uku, Kay, saboda ta haifi ɗa mai fama da farfajiya, Mackenzie. Lokacin da suke kula da Mackenzie, Garrigan da Kay sun fara kafa dangantaka. A ƙarshe, Garrigan ya zama abin takaici daga Amin yayin da yake shaida karuwar paranoia, kisan kai da xenophobia. Ya yi ƙoƙari ya sanar da niyyarsa ta komawa gida, amma Amin ya ƙi shi. Yayinda yake a wani biki, bayan ya yi iya ƙoƙarinsa don kauce wa mai rawa wanda aka sanya shi ya zama ƙaunatacciyarsa, shi da Kay sun yi jima'i; kuma ta ce dole ne ya sami hanyar barin Uganda. Amin a asirce ya maye gurbin Fasfo na Burtaniya na Garrigan da na Uganda don hana shi tserewa, wanda ya jagoranci Garrigan neman taimako daga Stone, wakilin Ofishin Harkokin Waje na yankin. Stone ya gaya wa Garrigan cewa za a fitar da shi daga Uganda a asirce idan ya kashe Amin, wanda Garrigan ya ki.
A shekara ta 1972, Amin ya ba da umarnin korar Asians daga Uganda saboda zanga-zangar Garrigan. Wannan ya haifar da karancin ma'aikata wanda ke lalata tattalin arzikin Uganda. Kay ta sanar da Garrigan cewa ta yi juna biyu da ɗansa. Sanin cewa Amin zai kashe ta saboda rashin aminci idan ya gano wannan, sai ta roƙi Garrigan don zubar da ciki a asirce. Da yake jinkirta umarnin Amin cewa ya halarci taron manema labarai tare da 'yan jarida na Yamma, Garrigan ya kasa saduwa da Kay a lokacin da aka tsara. Kay ta kammala cewa an watsar da ita kuma tana neman zubar da ciki na asali a wani kauye da ke kusa, inda sojojin Amin suka kama ta. Garrigan ta sami gawar ta a kan teburin binciken gawa. Da damuwa, ya yanke shawarar kashe Amin. Jirgin da aka sace ya tashi zuwa Filin jirgin saman Entebbe ta hanyar masu satar Palasdinawa da ke neman mafaka. Amin, yana jin babban damar talla, ya gaggauta zuwa wurin, tare da Garrigan. A filin jirgin sama, daya daga cikin masu tsaron Amin ya gano makircin Garrigan na kashe Amin a karkashin makircin ba shi magungunan ciwon kai. Garrigan ya buge shi da magoya bayan Amin kafin Amin ya isa kuma ya bayyana cewa yana sane da dangantakar da Kay. A matsayin horo, an soke nama a kirjin Garrigan da ƙugiyoyi kafin a rataye shi da fatarsa.
Amin ya shirya jirgin sama don sakin fasinjojin da ba 'yan Isra'ila ba, kuma masu azabtarwa sun bar Garrigan ba tare da sanin komai ba a ƙasa yayin da suke shakatawa a wani ɗaki. Abokin aikin likita na Garrigan, Dokta Junju, ya yi amfani da damar don ceto shi. Ya bukaci Garrigan ya gaya wa duniya gaskiya game da mulkin Amin, yana mai cewa duniya za ta yi imani da Garrigan saboda shi fari ne. Junju ya ba Garrigan jaket dinsa, wanda ya ba shi damar shiga cikin taron 'yanci ba tare da an san su ba kuma ya shiga jirgin. Lokacin da masu azabtarwa suka gano cewa Garrigan ba ya nan, an kashe Junju saboda taimakawa wajen tserewa. Lamarin Entebbe ya lalata sunan Amin a cikin al'ummar duniya, kuma a cikin 1979 ya yanke shawarar mamaye Tanzania, wanda ya sake kai farmaki kuma ya kama Kampala, ya hambarar da shi. Ya rayu sauran rayuwarsa a gudun hijira a Saudi Arabia har zuwa mutuwarsa a shekara ta 2003.
Masu ba da labari
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Gaskiya ta tarihi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Duk da yake halin Idi Amin da wasu abubuwan da suka faru da ke kewaye da shi a cikin fim din galibi sun dogara ne akan gaskiya, Garrigan hali ne na almara. Foden ya yarda cewa wani mutum na ainihi wanda ya ba da gudummawa ga halin Garrigan shine ɗan Ingila Bob Astles, wanda ya yi aiki tare da Amin.[1] Wani mutum na ainihi wanda aka ambata dangane da Garrigan shine likitan Scotland Wilson Carswell . [2] Kamar littafin da aka kafa shi, fim din ya haɗu da fiction tare da abubuwan da suka faru na ainihi don ba da ra'ayi game da Amin da Uganda a ƙarƙashin mulkinsa. Duk da yake ana bin asalin mulkin Amin, abubuwan da suka faru a cikin fim din sun tashi daga ainihin tarihi da kuma makirci da haruffa a cikin littafin Foden. Fashewar Asians a matsayin Indiyawa a Uganda an san su ne a shekara ta 1972; Kay Amin ya mutu a shekara ta 1984; kuma harin Entrebbe ya faru ne a shekara de 1976, amma fim din ya ba da ra'ayi cewa waɗannan abubuwan sun faru ne bayan juna.[3] Astles, mutumin da ya yi wa Garrigan wahayi, a zahiri tsohon sojan Burtaniya ne mai lalata da rashin daraja wanda ya zama dan kasuwa wanda ya amfana daga hulɗa da Amin.[3] Astles, wani dan kasuwa mai cin hanci da rashawa ya kasance mai halin da ba a so fiye da Garrigan, kuma da alama an maye gurbinsa a cikin litattafai da fina-finai na Sarkin Scotland na Ƙarshe tare da likita mai ma'ana don manufar samar da mai gabatarwa mai kyau.[3] Fim din ya gabatar da Amin a matsayin wanda ke cikin rikice-rikice na bacchanalian tare da shan giya da yawa da 'yan mata masu tsalle-tsalle suna rawa a jam'iyyun sa, amma a zahiri Amin Musulmi ne mai ibada wanda ba zai taba ba da izinin mata marasa tsalle-tallake su kasance a wani biki da ya halarta ba.[3] Amin ya haramta sanya miniskirts a Uganda kuma a cikin 1972 ya haramta duk wani baƙo da dogon gashi daga shiga Uganda saboda ba ya son hippies, wanda ya sa Garrigan tare da dogon gashinsa ya zama abokin Amin.[3] Ayyukan Forest Whitaker a matsayin Idi Amin sun sami yabo daga waɗanda suka san Amin a matsayin mai gaskiya a gare shi kamar yadda aka bayyana Amin a matsayin kyakkyawa, mai ban dariya, da kuma kwarewa, amma kuma a matsayin mutum mai ban tsoro wanda zai iya matsanancin tashin hankali da zalunci.[3]
A cikin rayuwa ta ainihi da kuma a cikin littafin, Kay Amin ta yi ciki da masoyinta, wanda likita ne na Uganda (wanda aka ba shi suna daban a cikin littafin fiye da na rayuwa ta ainih). Ta mutu a Lokaci zubar da ciki da ya yi, kuma daga baya ya mutu ta hanyar kashe kansa.[4] Astles ta ce a cikin wata hira mai tsawo ga The Times tare da ɗan jarida Paul Vallely cewa ƙaunarta ta raba jikinta don a ɓoye shi sannan a sake haɗa shi tare bisa umarnin Amin. Henry Kyemba, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin Ministan Lafiya na Amin kafin ya sauya sheka zuwa Burtaniya a shekarar 1977, ya bayyana cewa mummunan yanayin da aka ɗora makamai na Kay Amin a jikinta a maimakon ƙafafunta da kuma mataimakinsa, bai taɓa faruwa ba.[5] Whitaker, wanda ya bincika rayuwar Amin kafin ya shiga, ya bayyana cewa wannan yanayin "ba gaskiya ba ne".[5] Mai sukar Amurka Lesley Marx ya rubuta cewa fim din ya rage Kay Amin daga mace zuwa "mahimmanci", "abin da ke kallo" da farko a cikin lalata da jikinta, wanda ke jan hankalin Garrigan, sannan zuwa ga mummunan tsari da jikinta ya ragu, wanda ke tsoratar da shi.[5] Labaran game da yadda aka ce gawar Kay Amin an lalata shi an nuna shi sosai a cikin shahararrun littattafan tarihi game da Amin, kodayake masanin ilimin ɗan adam na Burtaniya Mark Leopold ya lura cewa babu wani daga cikin waɗannan marubutan da suka kware a tarihin Uganda.[6]
Leopold ya rubuta babu wani daga cikin shahararrun littattafan tarihi game da Idi Amin da abin dogaro kamar yadda irin waɗannan littattafan ke da'awar cewa mutanen Amin, Kakwa, masu cin nama ne kuma Amin da kansa mai cin nama ne duk da rashin wata shaida don tallafawa waɗannan da'awar.[6] Kyemba ne ya fara da'awar cewa Amin mai cin nama a cikin littafinsa na 1977 A State of Blood: The Inside Story of Idi Amin . [6] A cikin littafinsa, Kyemba da alfahari ya rubuta cewa shi dan Muganda ne wanda danginsa suka yi wa sarakunan Baganda hidima na ƙarni da yawa kuma Leopold ya lura cewa Kyemba bai yi ƙoƙari ya ɓoye raina mutane daga arewacin Uganda ba musamman daga lardin Yammacin Nilu (lardin Amin).[6] Kyemba ya rubuta cewa Kakwa mutane ne masu ban tsoro musamman waɗanda ke cin nama da sauran "al'adun jini" kuma suna zargin cewa Amin ya gaya masa cewa yana cin naman mutum akai-akai.[6] Leopold ya zargi cewa labarin Kyemba ya nuna nuna bambancin mutanen kudancin Uganda ga mutanen arewacin Uganda, kuma a duk lokacin da yake masanin ilimin ɗan adam a Uganda bai ga wata hujja cewa Kakwa suna cin nama da sauran mummunar "al'adun jini" da Kyemba ke zargin.[6] Tsohon kwamandan Amin a cikin Rifles na Afirka na Sarki, Iain Grahame, a cikin littafinsa na 1980 Amin da Uganda: Tarihin kansa, ya nuna cewa Amin mai cin nama ne, yana cewa sananne ne cewa Kakwa tare da mutanen lardin Yammacin Nilu gabaɗaya masu cin nama ne.[6] Leopold ya rubuta cewa Grahame yana neman yin kira ga nuna bambanci na gargajiya na Burtaniya game da 'yan Afirka don sayar da littafinsa tare da alamun duhu cewa Amin yana yin wani abu mara kyau ga jikin mutanen da ya kashe (Grahame bai zargi Amin kai tsaye da cin nama ba tunda hakan zai haifar da tambayoyi masu banƙyama game da dalilin da ya sa bai yi komai ba a matsayin kwamandan Amin).[6] Kyemba da Grahame dukansu sun yi aiki a matsayin masu ba da shawara na tarihi a kan Sarkin Ƙarshe na Scotland kuma yawancin hoton Amin a cikin fim ɗin sun dogara ne akan tunanin su game da shi.[6] Duk da shigar Kyemba da Grahame a cikin fim din, babu wani ambaton cin nama daga Amin a cikin Sarkin Scotland na Ƙarshe.[3] Iyalin Amin sun yi barazanar kai karar masu shirya fina-finai idan an nuna shi a matsayin mai cin nama, amma darektan fim din, Kevin Macdonald, ya bayyana a cikin wata hira cewa ya sami labarun cin nama game da Amin ba za a iya gaskatawa ba, yana mai lura da cewa Kyemba shine kadai mutumin da ya san Amin sosai wanda ya yi iƙirarin cewa shi mai cin nama ne.[3]
Amin bai taba samun ɗa mai suna Campbell ba. A cikin littafin, jami'an Scots da ya yi aiki a karkashin Sarki's African Rifles ne suka bayyana Scotphilia na Amin yayin da a cikin fim ɗin an gabatar da shi ne kawai a matsayin wani abu na Amin.[5] Foden a rubuce The Last King of Scotland ya bayyana cewa a cikin Amin ya sami tasiri sosai ta hanyar hidimarsa a cikin King's African Rifles, wanda ya kai shi ga samun "dangantaka ta Oedipal tare da tsohon ikon mulkin mallaka".[5] Foden ya kara da cewa goyon bayan Amin da ya yada ga 'yancin kai na Scotland tare da bukatarsa (wanda a bayyane yake mai tsanani) cewa ya zama sarkin Scotland ya nuna sha'awarsa da ƙiyayya ga Ƙasar Ingila.[5] Fim din daidai ne cewa Amin yana son Scots da Scotland sosai.[3] Lokacin da Amin ya ziyarci Burtaniya a 1971, ya nace kan ziyartar Scotland.[3] A cikin wata hira ta 1973, Amin ya yi iƙirarin cewa yana son Scotland saboda jami'an Ingila a cikin King's African Rifles sun bi da shi da raina, amma jami'an Scots sun bi da ita da girmamawa.[3] Marx ya lura cewa a cikin fim din, wannan bangare na Amin an rage shi kuma an gabatar da sha'awarsa na zama sarkin Scotland a matsayin wata alama ce mai ban sha'awa wacce mai yiwuwa ta nuna hauka a bangarensa.[5] Koyaya, fim ɗin daidai ne wajen nuna Amin kamar yadda yake yin maganganu masu ban mamaki kuma sau da yawa masu ban mamaki kamar yadda yake yawan bayyana sha'awar auren Sarauniya Elizabeth II.[3] Amin an san shi sosai da yin maganganu masu ban tsoro a cikin tarurrukan manema labarai da jawabai, wanda wani bangare ya nuna son kai kamar yadda yake son zama cibiyar kula da kafofin watsa labarai na duniya kuma wani bangare a matsayin hanyar karkatar da hankali daga rushewar tattalin arzikin Uganda.[6]
Fim din ya gabatar da shawarar Amin na fitar da Asians kamar yadda aka san iyalai na asalin Indiya a Uganda kamar yadda aka yi da gangan. A zahiri, an bayyana shi a cikin Yarjejeniyar Mutum na Jama'a A Move to the Left, wata sanarwa game da manufofin gwamnati da Shugaba Milton Obote ya bayar a watan Nuwamba 1969 cewa za a fitar da Indiyawa wani lokaci a nan gaba, kuma an fara tsara shirye-shiryen fitarwa a lokaci guda.[6] Leopold ya rubuta cewa ko da Amin bai taba karbar mulki ba, har yanzu ana fitar da Indiyawa daga Uganda saboda akwai yarjejeniya mai yawa a Uganda cewa ba a yarda da kusan dukkanin manyan da matsakaitan kasuwanci tare da mafi yawan ƙananan kasuwancin mallakar Indiyawa kuma cewa 'yan tsirarun Indiya ta kasancewarsu a Uganda suna hana yawan baƙar fata daga tashi zuwa matsakaicin aji.[6] Leopold ya rubuta saboda tsananin jin ƙiyayya da Indiya a Uganda cewa ba za a iya gujewa ba cewa za a fitar da Indiyawan ba tare da la'akari da wanda ke mulki ba.[6] Wannan shi ne musamman kamar yadda Indiyawa suka isa Uganda a farkon karni na 20 lokacin da Uganda ta kasance mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya kuma ga mafi yawan baƙar fata na Uganda al'ummar Indo-Ugandan ta kasance ta hanyar wanzuwarta tunatarwa ne game da tsohon matsayin mulkin mallaka. A cikin 1970 a matsayin wani ɓangare na ƙoƙari na "Ugandanise" tattalin arziki, Obote ya kori duk 'yan Rwandan da' yan Kenya da ke aiki a Uganda, fitarwa da aka aiwatar da mummunan aiki kuma an yi niyyar zama a matsayin gwajin fitar da Indiyawa.[6] Gaskiyar cewa Amin ya hambarar da Obote a watan Janairun 1971 ya ba Indiyawa karin lokaci, kuma lokacin da Amin ya fitar da Indiyawa a watan Agustan 1972, ya kasance bisa ga tsare-tsaren da Obote ya tsara a shekarar 1969.[6]
A cikin littafin, Garrigan wani matashi ne mai kula da matasan Scots wanda ya tafi Uganda a cikin 1970 a kan aiki a matsayin wani ɓangare na shirin taimakon kasashen waje na Burtaniya yayin da a cikin fim din Garrigan ya tafi Uganda da wani sha'awa yayin da yatsa ya sauka a Uganda lokacin da ya juya duniya.[5] Fim din Garrigan ya fi karfin jima'i fiye da Garrigan na littafin kamar yadda Garrigan din na fim din ya dauki 'yan matan Uganda da sauƙin karɓar jima'i kuma an nuna shi a matsayin mai lada sosai saboda ra'ayinsa game da matan Uganda.[5] Garrigan na littafin ya bambanta da jima'i yana sha'awar kuma ya ƙi shi saboda asalinsa na Presbyterian.[5] A cikin littafin, mahaifin Garrigan ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin makircin kuma an nuna shi a matsayin likita mai son ɗan adam wanda ya gaya wa ɗansa "Abin da ya fi muhimmanci shi ne rage cutar da kuke yi wa waɗanda ke kewaye da ku. " A cikin fim ɗin, mahaifin Gararigan ya bayyana a takaice a farkon fim ɗin kuma an nuna masa a matsayin mai tsananin Calvinist kuma mahaifin da ba shi da ƙauna wanda rashin ƙauna ya sa Garrigan neman mahaifin maye gurbin a cikin nau'in Idi Amin.[5] An nuna Garrigan na fim din a matsayin mai saurin fushi da saurin fushi fiye da Garrigan da ke cikin littafin; a cikin fim din yana yin jima'i da Kay Amin duk da sanin cikakkiyar haɗarin da aka kawo wa kansa da ita, shawarar da Marx ya bayyana a matsayin "wani abu mai saurin gaske da ba za a iya gaskatawa ba, har ma ga wani mai banƙyama kamar Nicholas na fim din".[5] An nuna Garrigan na fim din a matsayin mai zurfi da kuma sama fiye da Garrigan da ke cikin littafin kamar yadda Marx ya lura cewa yanayin da Idi Amin ya gaya wa Garrigan cewa "mutuwarku za ta zama abu na farko da zai faru da ku" gaskiya ne.[5] Garrigan na littafin ya fi rikice-rikice na ɗabi'a yayin da ya yarda da jin dadi kuma yana sha'awar Amin daidai saboda zaluncinsa yayin da Amin ke yin duk abin da wani ɓangare na shi da gaske yake so ya yi wa wasu mutane, kodayake yana jin laifi sosai game da ɓangaren duhu na halinsa.[5] Garrigan na littafin ba ya riƙe matsayi mai girma na ɗabi'a kamar yadda yake yi a cikin fim ɗin yayin da ya yarda cewa idan ya riƙe iko, zai iya nuna hali kamar yadda Amin ya yi.[5] Sabanin haka, Garrigan na fim din ya fi zama mara hankali wanda ke hulɗa da Amin saboda bai san ainihin yanayinsa ba da farko.
Sabanin kalmomin fim din da ke cewa, "bayan sa'o'i 48, Sojojin Isra'ila sun mamaye Entebbe kuma sun 'yantar da duk sai daya daga cikin masu garkuwa", mutane uku da aka yi garkuwa da su sun mutu a lokacin Operation Entebbe. Jikin mutum na huɗu da aka yi garkuwa da shi, Dora Bloch mai shekaru 75, wanda jami'an Sojojin Uganda suka kashe a wani asibiti da ke kusa da shi don ramawa ga ayyukan Isra'ila, daga ƙarshe an mayar da shi Isra'ila. An nuna kisan Dora Bloch daidai a cikin littafin amma ba a ambaci shi a cikin fim din ba. Har ila yau, lokacin da aka saki wadanda ba 'yan Isra'ila ba, ana ganinsu ana tashi daga Entebbe, Uganda zuwa Paris, Faransa a cikin jirgin Antonov An-12, amma a rayuwa ta ainihi an kai wadanda ba 'Yan Isra'ila da aka yi garkuwa da su zuwa Paris a cikin jirgin Air France Boeing 747 . [7] A cikin littafin, an daure Garrigan kuma an azabtar da shi a Uganda, ya tsere zuwa wani daji, kuma sojoji na Sojojin Tsaro na Jama'ar Tanzania da suka hambarar da Amin a shekara ta 1979 sun cece shi daga kusan mutuwa.[5] A cikin fim din, Garrigan ya tsere daga Uganda a 1976 a cikin jirgin da ya fitar da wadanda ba 'yan Isra'ila ba kafin harin Entebbe.[5] Marx ya zargi masu shirya fina-finai da wariyar launin fata wajen yin wannan canji yayin da ta lura cewa labarin fim din ya bayyana cewa "ra'ayin duniya" ya juya wa Amin bayan harin Entebbe, wanda ya haifar da hambarar da Amin a shekarar 1979.[5] A zahiri, Uganda ta mamaye Tanzania a watan Oktoba na shekara ta 1978 kuma bayan da sojojin Uganda suka yi watsi da su, 'yan Tanzania sun mamaye Uganda a watan Janairun shekara ta 1979 kuma sun hambarar da Amin a cikin bazara na wannan shekarar. Marx ya zargi masu shirya fina-finai da inganta labarin fararen mai ceto tun lokacin da aka sa masu sauraro suyi imani cewa Garrigan bayan ya tsere daga Uganda shi ne wanda ya juya "ra'ayin duniya" a kan Amin, kuma ta haka ne ya haifar da hambarar da shi, yayin da a zahiri 'yan uwansa na Afirka suka hambarar.[5] Gaskiya ne cewa mulkin Idi Amin ya kasance sananne ne saboda ta'addanci da ya yi wa mutanensa (wanda aka sani sosai tun kafin harin Entebbe), amma wannan bai haifar da faduwar Amin ba.[5] Marx ya kuma lura cewa, a cikin fim din, akwai wani yanayi ba a cikin littafin ba, inda Garrigan ya yi jayayya da Stone, jami'in da ba shi da kyau na Babban Hukumar Burtaniya, wanda ya gargadi shi cewa Amin mai zalunci ne mai zubar da jini.[5] Garrigan ya zargi Stone da wariyar launin fata ta hanyar cewa Uganda tana samun ci gaba a karkashin Amin sannan ya kara da cewa "wannan Afirka ce. Kuna fuskantar tashin hankali da tashin hankali. Duk wani abu kuma kun mutu", wata sanarwa da ta yarda Amin yana mulkin Uganda ta hanyar hanyoyin zalunci.[5] Koyaya, shari'ar Garrigan ga Amin ta lalace lokacin da duk abin da Stone ya ce game da Amin ya tabbatar da gaskiya ne, kuma shi da kansa ya tsere wa Uganda.[5] Marx ya yi jayayya cewa jerin abubuwan da suka faru suna nuna cewa mutane kamar Stone tare da ra'ayinsa mara kyau game da 'yan Uganda kuma ta hanyar fadada duk 'yan Afirka sun san Afirka mafi kyau.[5]
A cikin fim din, Stone ya nuna cewa Burtaniya ce ke bayan juyin mulkin da ya hambarar da Obote, kuma ya nuna nadama cewa Amin da ke mulki ya kasance mai adawa da Birtaniya fiye da Obote. Sabanin abin da fim din ya nuna, duk shaidun sun nuna cewa an kama London da mamaki lokacin da Amin ya hambarar da Obote a ranar 25 ga Janairun 1971.[6] Koyaya, gwamnatin Burtaniya duk da cewa ta yi mamakin juyin mulkin da farko ta yi maraba da sabuwar gwamnati kamar yadda aka ji Amin ya zama ci gaba a kan Obote kuma saboda kamar yadda wani jami'in diflomasiyyar Burtaniya ya sanya shi a lokacin, Amin ya kasance wauta sosai cewa zai zama da sauƙi a sarrafa shi.[6] Koyaya, Amin ya tabbatar da cewa ya fi adawa da Burtaniya fiye da yadda Obote ya kasance, kuma dangantakar Anglo-Ugandan nan da nan ta shiga cikin raguwa sosai. Babban dalilin rushewar dangantakar Anglo-Ugandan shine hanyar da Amin ke neman tayar da Birtaniya tare da abubuwan da suka faru na tallace-tallace kamar ya ayyana kansa Sarkin Scotland da kuma yin alkawarin cewa nan ba da daɗewa ba zai 'yantar da Scots daga mulkin Ingilishi, wanda ya haifar da tashin hankali da yawa tare da London, wani bangare na mulkin Amin wanda aka nuna daidai a cikin fim din.[3] Amin ya yi fushi sosai da yadda jami'ansa na Burtaniya suka bi da shi a matsayin soja a cikin Rifles na Afirka na Sarki, kuma ya nemi fansa ta hanyar ƙoƙarin ƙasƙantar da Ƙasar Ingila a kowane lokaci.[3]
Dalilin da ya sa aka yi juyin mulki bai kasance ba saboda zargin da ake yi na Burtaniya don cire Obote na Afro-socialist kamar yadda fim din ya nuna, amma yana da alaƙa da gwagwarmayar iko tsakanin Obote da Amin. Amin ya fara ne a matsayin mai bin Obote mai aminci kuma a ranar 24 ga Mayu 1966 yana kula da aikin da ya haifar da mamaye fadar Mengo Hill na Sarki Mutesa II na Buganda, aikin da ya kashe daruruwan fararen hula na Ganda waɗanda suka taru don kare sarkinsu.[6] A sakamakon rikicin Mengo, Obote ya fito a matsayin "kusan mai mulkin kama karya" yayin da Amin ya zama janar da Obote ya fi so.[6] A shekara ta 1969, dangantakar da ke tsakanin Obote da Amin ta rushe kuma biyun sun shiga rikici.[6] Dukansu Obote da Amin sun kasance masu karfi, shugabannin mulkin mallaka kuma Obote, mutumin da ba shi da tabbas, wanda ya ga abokan gaba a ko'ina ya fara kallon Amin a matsayin barazana. Farawa a ƙarshen 1969 Obote ya nemi rage ikon Amin ta hanyar rushe Sojojin Uganda tare da wasu raka'a da aka sanya a ƙarƙashin umarnin shugaban kasa da kuma inganta ƙarin sojoji na Acholi da Lango a kan kuɗin sojoji daga lardin Yammacin Nilu.[6] A shekara ta 1970, Obote ya yi kishi a bayyane game da shahararren Amin tare da matsayi da fayil na Sojojin Uganda kuma a wannan watan Satumba ya sake tsara babban kwamandan Sojojin ta hanyar cire Amin daga alhakin aiki kuma ya sanya kansa sabon kwamandan Sojan.[6] Leopold ya rubuta cewa sanannen ka'idar cewa Burtaniya ta kasance a bayan juyin mulkin ya nuna cewa Amin ya yi wauta sosai don aiwatar da juyin mulki da kansa, kuma dole ne a sami wani da ke jan igiyoyi ga "puppet" Amin.[6] A zahiri, Amin da alama ya shirya juyin mulkin da kansa, kuma ban da burinsa juyin mulkin ya kasance martani ne na karewa game da yunkurin Obote na rage shi zuwa babban janar.[6] Leopold ya rubuta cewa sanannen imani cewa Amin ya kasance mai hankali ya dogara ne akan kimantawa da jami'ansa na Burtaniya suka yi lokacin da ya yi aiki a cikin Rifles na Afirka tsakanin 1948 da 1962 inda aka bayyana shi akai-akai a matsayin mai ƙarancin hankali.[6] Leopold ya yi jayayya cewa waɗannan kimantawa tushen nuna bambanci ne yayin da jami'an King's African Rifles suka ɗauka cewa duk sojojin Afirka sun kasance wawaye kuma kimantawarsu game da sojojin su cike da maganganun wariyar launin fata.[6] Leopold ya rubuta cewa gaskiyar cewa yawancin 'yan jarida da masana tarihi na Yamma suna ɗaukar waɗannan kimantawa na Amin a darajar fuska duk da wariyar launin fata ya faɗi abubuwa da yawa game da halin Yammacin Afirka kuma ya yi jayayya cewa Amin ba shi ne mai ba'a wanda jami'ansa suka nuna shi a matsayin[6] Bayanan fim din game da juyin mulkin 1971 kamar yadda ya shahara tare da talakawa na Uganda daidai ne. Obote ya mallaki Uganda a matsayin mai mulkin kama karya tun lokacin da ya yi juyin mulkin kansa a shekarar 1966 kuma ya zama wanda ba a yarda da shi ba.[6] An gaishe da juyin mulkin da farin ciki sosai, kodayake kamar yadda jami'in diflomasiyyar Burtaniya ya lura a lokacin yawancin mutanen Uganda sun fi adawa da Obote fiye da masu goyon bayan Amin.[6]
Ƙarshen fim ɗin yana nuna hotunan daga shekara ta 1979 na talakawan Uganda suna murna da cin nasarar Amin a hannun Tanzaniyawa, wanda ke nuna cewa rayuwar Uganda ta juya zuwa mafi kyau tare da faduwar Amin. A zahiri, faduwar Amin ya kawo wani lokaci mai duhu a tarihin Uganda. Obote ya sake zama shugaban kasa ta Tanzaniyawa kafin su tafi a shekarar 1980, kuma lokacin "Obote II" kamar yadda 'yan Uganda ke kira Obote a karo na biyu a matsayin shugaban kasa ya ga mummunar zalunci fiye da yadda Amin ya aikata tare da kisan kare dangi wanda Obote mai fushi da fushi ya haifar wanda ya nemi fansa a kan wadanda ya ji sun ci amanarsa.[6] Obote ya haɗa da dukan mutanen lardin Yammacin Nilu waɗanda aka yi niyya don kisan kare dangi kamar yadda yawancin mabiyan Amin suka fito daga lardin Yankin Nilu tare da mutanen Baganda waɗanda har yanzu suna ƙin Obote saboda kawar da ƙaunataccen sarkin su a shekarar 1966.[6] A lokacin mulkin Obote na biyu a mulki daga 1980 zuwa 1985, mulkinsa ya kashe yawancin 'yan Uganda kuma a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci fiye da mulkin Amin ya sami nasarar kashewa tsakanin 1971 da 1979.[6] Amin a cikin shekara ta farko a mulki ya kawar da makamai kuma ya kashe dukkan sojojin Uganda wadanda ba daga lardin Yammacin Nilu ba, wadanda galibi Lango ne ko Acholi, amma an yarda da cewa Amin bai yi yunkurin kisan kare dangi a kan fararen hula ba kamar yadda Obote ya yi tsakanin 1980 da 1985, kuma saboda wannan dalili an dauke Obote a Uganda a matsayin shugaba mafi muni fiye da Amin.[6]
A cewar Foden, hoton fim din na Amin ya yi daidai da halin Shakespearean Macbeth, wanda yake da shi a zuciya lokacin da yake rubuta littafin.
Saki
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Sarkin Scotland na karshe ya sami iyakantaccen saki a Amurka a ranar 27 ga Satumba 2006, fitowar Burtaniya a ranar 12 ga Janairu 2007, fitowar Faransanci a ranar 14 ga Fabrairu 2007, da kuma fitowar Jamusanci a ranar 15 ga Maris 2007. A Amurka da Kanada, fim din ya sami $ 17,606,684 a ofishin akwatin. A cikin Ƙasar Ingila, fim din ya ɗauki $ 11,131,918. Haɗin kuɗin da aka haɗu a duniya ya kai $ 48,362,207.
Karɓar baƙi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Amsa mai mahimmanci
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Sarkin Ƙarshe na Scotland yana da amincewar kashi 87% a kan Rotten Tomatoes, bisa ga sake dubawa 183, tare da matsakaicin maki na 7.3/10. Shafin yanar gizon ya ce: "Ayyukan Forest Whitaker a matsayin mai mulkin kama-karya na ainihi Idi Amin yana da iko a wannan labari mai ban tsoro na siyasa, labari mai banƙyama game da iko da cin hanci da rashawa".[1] A Metacritic, fim din yana da kashi 74 daga cikin 100 bisa ga masu sukar 36, wanda ke nuna "bincike mai kyau".[2]
An yaba da aikin Forest Whitaker a matsayin Idi Amin a duk duniya, tare da Alex von Tunzelmann yana lura da cewa, yayin da fim din ya kauce wa yawancin mafi munin al'amuran mulkin Amin, "an adana shi ta hanyar aikin Forest Whitakers".
An soki fim din ne saboda tsarin labarin da kuma daidaito na tarihi, musamman "don amfani da fararen hali don bincika tarihin baƙar fata," wanda ke lalata hotonsa, musamman yayin da yake kewaye da wasu manyan laifuka na Amin.
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ "An Interview with Giles Foden". Random House. Archived from the original on 29 March 2007. Retrieved 13 October 2014.
- ↑ Pells, Rachael (10 October 2014). "Douglas Carswell profile". independent.com. Archived from the original on 18 June 2022. Retrieved 13 October 2014.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Leopold 2013.
- ↑ ""The myths surrounding Idi Amin."". Archived from the original on 28 May 2007. Retrieved 2007-04-16. Daily Monitor, accessed 12 December 2009.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 Marx 2011.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 Leopold 2020.
- ↑ "The Last King of Scotland (2006) Goofs". IMDb. Archived from the original on 22 February 2021. Retrieved 2 September 2020.